Kwayoyin photovoltaic, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙwayoyin hasken rana, sun zama babban jigo a fannin makamashi mai sabuntawa.Wadannan na'urori sun canza yadda muke amfani da makamashin hasken rana don samar da wutar lantarki.A cikin wannan labarin, za mu shiga cikin duniyar ban sha'awa naKwayoyin photovoltaicda kuma nazarin yadda suke samar da wutar lantarki.
A zuciyar tantanin halitta na photovoltaic abu ne na semiconductor, yawanci ana yin shi da silicon.Lokacin da photons daga hasken rana ya faɗo saman tantanin halitta, suna tada hankalin electrons a cikin kayan, yana sa su rabu da kwayoyin halitta.Ana kiran wannan tsari da tasirin photovoltaic.
Don cin gajiyar waɗannan na'urorin lantarki da aka fitar, ana gina batura zuwa yadudduka masu kaddarorin daban-daban.An yi saman saman da kayan da aka tsara musamman don ɗaukar hasken rana.Ƙarƙashin wannan Layer shine Layer mai aiki, wanda ya ƙunshi kayan semiconductor.Layer na ƙasa, wanda ake kira Layer contact Layer na baya, yana taimakawa wajen tattara electrons da kuma fitar da su daga tantanin halitta.
Lokacin da hasken rana ya shiga saman Layer na tantanin halitta, yana faranta wa electrons a cikin atom na kayan semiconductor.Wadannan electrons masu sha'awar suna iya motsawa cikin yardar kaina a cikin kayan.Duk da haka, don samar da wutar lantarki, electrons suna buƙatar tafiya ta wata hanya ta musamman.
Anan ne filin lantarki a cikin tantanin halitta ke shiga cikin wasa.Kayan semiconductor a cikin Layer mai aiki an yi shi da ƙazanta don ƙirƙirar rashin daidaituwar lantarki.Wannan yana haifar da ingantaccen caji a gefe ɗaya na baturin da mummunan caji a ɗayan.Iyakar da ke tsakanin waɗannan yankuna biyu ana kiranta pn junction.
Lokacin da electron ke sha'awar photon kuma ya rabu da zarransa, yana jan hankalinsa zuwa gefen tantanin halitta mai inganci.Yayin da yake motsawa zuwa wurin, yana barin "rami" mai inganci a wurinsa.Wannan motsi na electrons da ramuka suna haifar da wutar lantarki a cikin baturi.
Koyaya, a cikin 'yancinsu, ba za a iya amfani da electrons don kunna na'urorin waje ba.Don yin amfani da ƙarfinsu, ana sanya lambobin ƙarfe a saman saman da ƙasa na sel.Lokacin da aka haɗa masu gudanarwa zuwa waɗannan lambobin sadarwa, electrons suna gudana ta cikin da'irar, suna samar da wutar lantarki.
Tantanin halitta guda ɗaya na photovoltaic yana samar da ɗan ƙaramin adadin wutar lantarki.Don haka, sel da yawa ana haɗa su tare don samar da babbar naúrar da ake kira panel ko module.Ana iya haɗa waɗannan bangarori a cikin jeri ko a layi daya don ƙara ƙarfin lantarki da fitarwa na yanzu, dangane da bukatun tsarin.
Da zarar an samar da wutar lantarki, za a iya amfani da shi wajen sarrafa na'urori da na'urori iri-iri.A cikin tsarin da aka ɗaure, za a iya mayar da wutar lantarki mai yawa daga hasken rana zuwa cikin grid, wanda zai daidaita buƙatun samar da mai.A cikin na'urori masu zaman kansu, kamar waɗanda ake amfani da su a wurare masu nisa, ana iya adana wutar lantarki a cikin batura don amfani da su daga baya.
Kwayoyin photovoltaicsamar da kore, dorewa da kuma sabunta bayani ga makamashi bukatun.Suna da yuwuwar rage dogaronmu ga albarkatun mai da rage tasirin muhalli na samar da wutar lantarki.Yayin da fasaha ke ci gaba da ci gaba, muna iya ganiKwayoyin photovoltaiczama mafi inganci kuma mai rahusa, yana mai da su wani muhimmin sashi na yanayin makamashinmu na gaba.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-27-2023